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Dynamic Time Alignment - DTADynamic time alignment is a technique that allows a radio system base station to receive transmitted signals from mobile radios in an exact time slot, even though not all mobile telephones are the same distance from the base station. Time alignment keeps different mobile radio's transmit bursts from colliding or overlapping. Dynamic time alignment is necessary because subscribers are moving, and their radio waves' arrival time at the base station depends on their changing distance from the base station. The greater the distance, the more delay in the signal's arrival time. Transmission delay is approximately 3 microseconds per km (or 5 microseconds per mile).
Dynamic Time Alignment
This diagram shows how the relative transmitter timing in a mobile radio (relative to the received signal) is dynamically adjusted to account for the combined receive and transmit delays as the mobile radio is located at different distances from the base station antenna. In this example, the mobile telephone uses a received burst to determine when its burst transmission should start. As the mobile radio moves away from the tower, the transmission time increases and this causes the transmitted bursts to slip outside its time slot when it is received at the base station (possibly causing overlap to transmissions from other radios.) When the base station receiver detects the change in slot period reception, it sends commands to the mobile telephone to advance its relative transmission time as it moves away from the base station and to be retarded as it moves closer.
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